【石语前尘】宋代范成大《碧虚铭》石刻

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碧虚铭

宋代范成大《碧虚铭》石刻

    原石刻位于普陀山七星岩，高2.70米、宽1.60米，是范成大于宋代淳熙元年（1174年）根据尹穑《仙迹记》记述唐代郑冠卿在栖霞洞（今七星岩）遇仙神话传说所作文字，镌刻在七星岩壁上。同时在七星岩前还修建了“碧虚亭”。

【桂林旧事】

唐代郑冠卿在栖霞洞遇仙的神话传说

    据宋代尹穑记述的《仙迹记》石刻（高2米、宽3米，摩崖于桂林七星岩内），唐代乾宁年间临贺（今贺州市）县令郑冠卿任期届满返回长安途中经过桂林，在游栖霞洞（今七星岩）时遇见两个道士在磐石上弈棋，被邀请一起奏乐饮酒。由于郑冠卿为官时，能体恤百姓贫苦，代缴租税，路上遇到有死去的百姓，总是脱下自己所穿衣裳为其殓葬，道士在临别时赠予其两首诗，并劝勉他在做官期间要积攒功德以提升自身的道果。走出岩洞后才知道，原来洞中的道士是日华和月华两位神仙。郑冠卿因此屏绝名利之念，一心为百姓行善事、济贫苦，最后弃官隐居，活到了一百零四岁。郑冠卿在《全唐诗》中仅记录留存了据传为道士当时赠其的两句诗句“不缘过去行方便，那得今来会碧虚”。

    古人称“桂林多洞府，疑是馆群仙”。其实，七星岩只是一处形成于100万年前的一段古老地下河道，由于地壳运动而上升成为的溶洞。但由于岩洞内有着幽深难测的空间和姿态各异的钟乳石，桂林山水又在古人心目中有幻似仙境的美好意象，很容易使人产生洞内住着神仙的幻想。《仙迹记》则以神话传说的形式对这种幻想作了较为形象的描写，并在当时广为传说。

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《龙隐路记》

   

    城之江东有东江，江畔山唤月牙，西南洞、岩各一;世称洞曾隐龙，洞顶龙鳞脊印蜒蜿贯彻，风云吸习、屈曲潜通，喻作回穴。有桥邻洞南、凌东江，遂衍成一路东去二里。洞、岩、桥、路皆名龙隐。今丁酉年间，桂林政通人和，使城内山水好景争显新貌，提升改造龙隐路为其一。周南太史书、捭阖之石刻呼之将出，摹现于路，由是为记。

    传曰时值天地混沌，有苍穹之北斗坠地顿化二山七峰，形呈七星。山其一之月牙，浸润漓水日月精华，神龙舞来，伴霞择栖。一旦走石飞沙、雷鸣电闪，龙既亢而醒。破壁而飞，驾云十万里，东去西循，遍寻乾坤，竟再无适栖之地。且自南悔返，行将回穴时莽撞踏破一山，以穿山名。漓水悠悠，刹那转无尽生灭，神龙既隐，水则愈灵。过往逾千年始，墨客贤人踏歌步越东江，每留笔墨诗赋，终使龙隐洞、岩摩崖殆遍，壁无完石，遂造甲天下之唐宋题名渊薮，成看山游山、观画读史之胜地。引莫休符《桂林风土记》、范成大《桂海虞衡志》、张鸣凤《桂胜》纷各书志其韵。“破壁才知龙隐处、游山方悉太史书”，登望龙台上，最盼秋风，城花木樨吐蕊、金黄万点、留客不言、芳溢十里。此番镂墙透绿、山塘成景、光影相缀、使人流连。

    夫江东久为宜居福地，之所以龙隐;善政秉持服务求精，之所以七星。兹初心不忘，恪守为民之责、修复山水生态、串拾散珠碎玉、传承千年人文。使百姓以地域而认同、以文化而自信，岂非正所为耶？

                                                                        周    琥

                                                                     二〇一七年十二月

后  记

    与桂林山水一样“甲天下”的，还有桂林石刻。而与桂林石刻一样沉淀在岁月流光里的，还有发生在桂林这片土地上的旧事。虞舜、马援、李靖、狄青、鉴真、黎桓、赵构、妥欢帖木儿、靖江王、孔四贞、孙中山等一个个历代重要历史人物对桂林的影响，远非在这里展示的40块仿制石刻与故事就能够娓娓道尽的。关于他们，我们总想多述说一些、再多述说一些。因为在龙隐路上，让游客能更多地了解桂林历史文化、爱上桂林这个地方，让市民进一步提升地域认同、增强文化自信，是我们在本次改造工程中精益求精、风雨兼程的动力。

    为传承桂林石刻文化，我们还从2017年“漫卷诗话山水情”桂林原创诗词短文征集大赛活动中择取了部分作品，勒石于此，谨法古人。

    本次改造工程有赖于桂林图书馆、桂林生活网、桂管群、广西师范大学外国语学院、市漓管委、七星景区管理处、桂海碑林博物馆的帮助，同时在专业方面还得到了凌世君、林哲、林志捷、秦冬发、王晶、毛建军、杨曦明、黄柯等诸位贤达的悉心指导。在此一并致谢！

                           桂林市七星区特色街区改造指挥部

                           指 挥 长：石玉琳、郑  平

                           副指挥长：周  琥

                           二〇一七年十二月

静若聆音

感谢广西师范大学外国语学院组织的翻译工作

【日文】

宋代の范成大が題記した「碧虚銘」の石刻

　原型の石刻は普陀山の七星岩に彫刻してあり、高さは２.７メートル、幅は１.６メートルです。范成大は宋代淳煕元年（１１７４年）に尹穑の『仙跡記』に記載された唐代の郑冠卿が栖霞洞（今は七星岩）で神仙に出会う話により、その内容を岩壁に刻んでおりました。同時に七星岩の前に「碧虚亭」を建てました。

唐代の郑冠卿が栖霞洞で神仙に出会う伝説

　宋代の尹穑が記述した『仙跡記』の石刻（高さは２メートル、幅は3メートルで、桂林の七星岩の崖に刻んでおる）によると、唐代乾寧年間、臨賀（今は賀州）の長官郑冠卿は任期が終わり、長安に帰った途中で桂林に到着し、栖霞洞（今は七星岩）を遊覧する時に大石の上で碁で対局する道士二人に出会い、共に音楽を演奏しながら酒を飲もうと誘われました。郑冠卿が長官であった頃、常に貧乏な百姓を同情できて、彼達の代わりに税を払い、途上死んだ人を見れば、必ず自分の服を脱いで死者を弔ったから、別れる時、道士達は彼に詩二首を賜り、役人を務める間、功徳を立てて自身の精神を高めなければいけないと勧めました。洞を離れてから、彼は出会う道士が日華と月華という神仙だと知っていました。故に彼は名利を断じて、心から百姓のために善事を行い、貧困な人を助けて、最後に官職を辞め、百四歳まで隠居していました。『全唐詩』に記載されている郑冠卿に関わる内容は当時道士が彼に賜ったという「昔人を助けてあげることがなければ、今日この碧虚の出会いがあるわけがない」の詩句しかありませんでした。

　「桂林には洞窟が多くて、神仙達の会館だという疑い有り」と昔の人がそう言いました。実は、七星岩は100万年前に形成した古い地下川が地殻邉婴巧蠒Nして形成された鍾乳洞です。洞内の深い空間とさまざまな鍾乳石、加えて桂林山水が昔の人々にとって仙境のイメージとなり、洞内に神仙が住んでいるという幻想を呼び起こしやすいです。『仙跡記』は神話伝説の形式でそういう幻想について詳しく描写して、当時の人の中で広く伝えられていました。

静若聆音

静若聆音

感谢广西师范大学外国语学院组织的翻译工作

【英文】

The Stone Carving of the Bixu Inscription by Fang Chengda, during the
Song Dynasty

The Bixu Inscription, located in the Seven Star Cave in the Putuo Hill, standing 2.7
meters high by 1.6 meters wide, was engraved on the entrance to the Seven Star
Cave by Fan Chengda in the 9th year during the Period of Qiandao in the Southern
Song Dynasty(1173 C.E.). The inscription on the cave was an account of Fan’s
reflection on the mythological legend in the Tang Dynasty about Zheng Guanqing’
s encounter with the immortals (Rihua and Yuehua) in the Xixia Cave (the present
Seven Star Cave) based on Yin Se’s (a scholar officer offering advice to the emperor
in the Southern Song Dynasty) xianjiji (Notes of the Immortals’ Traces). The title
of the inscription quoted the two characters “Bi Xu” from a sentence in the poem
presented by the two immortals in the legend.
In December of the first year of Chunxi Period in the Southern Song Dynasty (1174
C.E.), Fan had the “Bi Xu Pavilion” built in front of the entrance to the Seven Star
Cave and engraved the Bixu Inscription on the cliff behind the pavilion.


The Mythological Legend of Zheng Guanqing’s Encounter with the
Immortals in the Xixia Cave during the Tang Dynasty

Yin Se’s (a scholar officer offering advice to the emperor in the Southern Song
Dynasty) Xian Ji Ji (Notes of the Immortals’ Traces) is an abridgment from a section
of the volume titled Dai Min Na Shui (Paying Tax on Behalf of People) when he
excerpted this section from the book Deng Xia Xian Tan (Chatting Under the
Lamp) from the Five Dynasties Period. In the fifth year of Shangxing Period (1135
C.E.), this abridged work was engraved onto the cliff side in the Save Star Cave
by two stonemasons named Long Yue and Tang Quan who were paid by Li Mi
(Commissioner of JingJiang Prefecture and JingLue in charge of Guan Nan Western
District, a frontier military officer) for the engraving.
In the Notes of the Immortals’ Traces, it is recorded that during the reign of
Qianning of the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Guanqing, the magistrate of Linhe County
(the present Hezhou City), came across two Taoist, accompanied by two boys in
black clothes standing by with flutes in their hands, on his way to Chang’an when
his term of office had expired. When they were playing chess on a huge rock in the
Xixia Cave (the present Seven Star Cave) in Guilin Prefecture. Zheng was invited to
join the two Taoists drinking wine and playing music together. On parting, knowing
that Zheng had been able to understand and sympathize to poverty-stricken people’
s misery by paying rent and tariffs for them, and had always been using his clothes
to wrap the dead people whom he had happened to come across, the two priests
presented two poems to him and exhorted him not to be involved in strife, not to
pursue fame and wealth, and to do good deeds instead while serving as an official.
After he walked out of the cave, Zheng Guanqing met two woodmen, who told
him that the two Taoist having a break in the cave were actually two immortals
named Rihua and Yuehua on their way to a feast to be held in NanMin. It was then
that he found that three years had passed although he seemed not to have stayed
in the Xixia Cave very long. Later he abandoned his official post. since then he had
lived in seclusion and remained indifferent to fame and wealth until he died at the
age of 104 years old without any illness.
In The Complete Collection of the Tang Poetry, Zheng Guanqing recorded the
following two lines which are said to be taken from the two poems the Taoists presented
to him: “Without the beneficence performed, it couldn’t have had the meeting at Bixu.”
It was said in the ancient times that, “Could it be that the numerous caves in
Guilin are homes for the immortals?” In fact, the Seven Star Cave is just an ancient
underground waterway formed one million years ago. As time went by, a cave came
into being resulting from the upward crustal movement. However, the fairyland-like
landscape of Guilin tended to arouse the ancient people’s fantasy that there must
be immortals in the unfathomable caves with stalactites in various shapes. There
are very vivid descriptions of this fantasy in the form of mythological legends in the
Notes of the Immortals’ Traces, which were widely spread at that time.