三苏祠,位于四川省眉山市东坡区,是纪念北宋文学家苏洵、苏轼、苏辙父子三人的祠堂。宋真宗祥符二年(1009年)苏洵出生于眉山城西南隅之纱縠行私第。苏洵二子苏轼、苏辙亦生于此。元延祐三年(1316年),三苏故居改建为祠堂。
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三苏父子苏洵、苏轼、苏辙,是北宋时期著名的文学家,与韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、王安石、曾巩合称唐宋八大家。三苏又以苏轼文学成就最高。
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三苏祠内苏轼塑像
苏轼(1037年一1101年),字子瞻,号东坡居士。苏轼是北宋中期文坛领袖,诗、词、文、书、画诸方面都取得很高成就。其诗题材广阔,清新豪健,独具风格,如《题西林壁》、《饮湖上初晴后雨》等,与黄庭坚并称"苏黄";其词开豪放一派,是宋代词坛豪放派的创始人,如《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、《江城子·密州出猎》,与豪放派词人辛弃疾并称“苏辛”;其文著述宏富,纵横恣肆,豪放自如,与欧阳修并称“欧苏”;擅书法,笔法丰腴骨劲,跌宕自然,行书《黄州寒食帖》与晋王羲之《兰亭序》、唐颜真卿《祭侄文稿》史称天下三大行书,与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄合称苏黄米蔡“宋四家”;善烹饪,创制东坡肉,并将烹饪技法录于《食猪肉诗》中,流传至今。有感于斯,赋诗一首:
词作皆豪放,
文章八大家。
书史第三帖,
美食名冠他。
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三苏祠始建于北宋,后经多次重建和修缮,现存建筑多为清代康熙四年(1665年)重建的遗存。三苏祠占地65000平米,是一座典型的清代园林式文人祠堂,由正门、前厅、飨殿、启贤堂、来凤轩及东西厢房等建筑构成三进四合院。三苏祠布局特色是“三分水两分竹,祠在水中央”。
园内古木参天,绿树成荫,茂竹环伺,花团锦簇,小桥流水,亭台楼阁点缀其间,仿若一幅美丽的画卷。
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三苏祠不仅是研究三苏及其文化的重要场所,也是明清建筑艺术和园林艺术的实物典范,2006年被国务院公布为第六批全国文物重点保护单位。三苏祠收藏有《风浪亭记》《醉翁亭记》等四大名碑的金石碑文和拓本,以及数以千记的匾联、书画等文物,展示了丰富的历史文化内涵。